Active और Passive Voice English grammar का एक ऐसा concept है जो आपकी language को ज्यादा clear और effective बनाता है। जब कोई subject खुद action करता है, तो sentence active होता है, और जब subject पर action होता है, तो sentence passive बनता है। इस guide में हम आपको Active और Passive Voice के बीच का फर्क, उनके नियम (rules), tense-wise conversion, और आसान examples के साथ समझाएंगे।
📌 Active Voice – जब subject खुद action करता है।
📌 Passive Voice – जब subject पर action होता है।
उदाहरण:
- Active: Ram eats an apple. (Ram कर रहा है – subject active है)
- Passive: An apple is eaten by Ram. (Apple पर action हो रहा है – subject passive है)
Active और Passive Voice में Basic Structure
Active Voice Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Example: She writes a letter.
Passive Voice Structure:
Object + Helping Verb + Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject
Example: A letter is written by her.
Tense-wise Conversion – Voice बदलने के Rules
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | He writes a book. | A book is written by him. |
| Present Continuous | He is writing a book. | A book is being written by him. |
| Present Perfect | He has written a book. | A book has been written by him. |
| Past Simple | He wrote a book. | A book was written by him. |
| Past Continuous | He was writing a book. | A book was being written by him. |
| Past Perfect | He had written a book. | A book had been written by him. |
| Future Simple | He will write a book. | A book will be written by him. |
| Future Perfect | He will have written a book. | A book will have been written by him. |
⚠️ Note: Continuous tenses like Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous का passive form आमतौर पर नहीं बनाया जाता।
कैसे पहचानें कि Sentence Active है या Passive?
Step 1: Verb की form को देखो (V1, V2, V3 या “be” forms – is/am/are, was/were, been, being)।
Step 2: देखो कि subject action कर रहा है या object पर action हो रहा है।
Examples:
- Active: The chef cooks the food. (Chef action कर रहा है)
- Passive: The food is cooked by the chef. (Food पर action हो रहा है)
Conversion के आसान Rules (with examples)
Rule 1: Identify Subject, Verb, and Object
Active: The teacher teaches grammar.
Passive: Grammar is taught by the teacher.
Rule 2: Use correct helping verb according to tense and number
Active: They are watching a movie.
Passive: A movie is being watched by them.
Rule 3: Verb को हमेशा V3 (past participle) में change करें
Active: She sings a song.
Passive: A song is sung by her. ✅
कुछ Sentences का Passive Voice नहीं बन सकता
- Intransitive Verbs (जिनका object नहीं होता) – जैसे sleep, go, die, cry etc.
❌ He sleeps peacefully.
✅ इसका passive form नहीं होगा, क्योंकि कोई object नहीं है जिस पर action हो रहा हो।
Active से Passive Conversion – Step-by-step Example
Sentence: He is painting the wall.
- Object: the wall
- Tense: Present Continuous
- Helping Verb in Passive: is being
- V3 of paint: painted
- By + Subject: by him
✅ Passive: The wall is being painted by him.
Summary
| Voice | Focus | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Subject करता है काम | Subject + Verb + Object | The boy kicks the ball. |
| Passive | Object पर काम होता है | Object + Verb (V3) + by + Subject | The ball is kicked by the boy. |
Final Tips
- हमेशा object को identify करो – वही बनेगा passive में subject।
- Helping verbs को लेकर confident बनो – यही tense define करते हैं।
- Verb का third form (V3) याद रखो – Passive में हमेशा यही लगता है।
- Practice ज़रूरी है – जितना ज़्यादा convert करोगे, उतना पक्का होगा concept।
