English grammar can be confusing for beginners, especially if Hindi is your first language. But don’t worry! In this guide, we’ll explain the most important Basic English Grammar Rules in Hindi with simple examples.
1. Sentence Structure (वाक्य संरचना)
An English sentence follows a basic structure:
Subject (कर्ता) + Verb (क्रिया) + Object (कर्म)
- Example (English): She eats an apple.
- Example (Hindi): वह एक सेब खाती है।
Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य) → Use “do not” (मत) or “does not” (नहीं)
- Example (English): She does not eat an apple.
- Example (Hindi): वह सेब नहीं खाती है।
Questions (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य) → Change word order
- Example (English): Does she eat an apple?
- Example (Hindi): क्या वह सेब खाती है?
2. Parts of Speech (शब्द-भेद)
Every English word belongs to a category called “Parts of Speech.” There are 8 main types:
2.1 Noun (संज्ञा)
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
- English: Ram, Delhi, Book, Happiness
- Hindi: राम, दिल्ली, किताब, खुशी
2.2 Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
A pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
- English: He, She, It, They
- Hindi: वह (पुरुष), वह (स्त्री), यह, वे
Example:
- Ram is a student. He goes to school.
- राम एक छात्र है। वह स्कूल जाता है।
2.3 Verb (क्रिया)
A verb shows action or state of being.
- English: Run, Eat, Is, Have
- Hindi: दौड़ना, खाना, है, रखना
Example:
- She eats an apple.
- वह एक सेब खाती है।
2.4 Adjective (विशेषण)
An adjective describes a noun.
- English: Big, Happy, Smart
- Hindi: बड़ा, खुश, होशियार
Example:
- This is a big house.
- यह एक बड़ा घर है।
2.5 Adverb (क्रिया-विशेषण)
An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
- English: Quickly, Very, Well
- Hindi: जल्दी, बहुत, अच्छी तरह
Example:
- She runs quickly.
- वह जल्दी दौड़ती है।
2.6 Preposition (संबंधसूचक शब्द)
A preposition shows the relationship between words.
- English: In, On, At, Under
- Hindi: में, पर, पर, नीचे
Example:
- The book is on the table.
- किताब मेज़ पर है।
2.7 Conjunction (संयोजक)
A conjunction joins words or sentences.
- English: And, But, Or
- Hindi: और, लेकिन, या
Example:
- I like tea and coffee.
- मुझे चाय और कॉफी पसंद है।
2.8 Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक)
An interjection expresses sudden emotions.
- English: Wow!, Oh!, Hurray!
- Hindi: वाह!, अरे!, ये!
Example:
- Wow! That’s amazing.
- वाह! यह कमाल है।
3. Tenses (काल)
Tenses tell us when an action happens. There are 3 main tenses:
A. Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)
- Simple Present → Daily habits, facts
- Example (English): I eat rice.
- Example (Hindi): मैं चावल खाता हूँ।
- Present Continuous → Happening now
- Example (English): I am eating rice.
- Example (Hindi): मैं चावल खा रहा हूँ।
- Present Perfect → Action completed recently
- Example (English): I have eaten rice.
- Example (Hindi): मैंने चावल खा लिया है।
B. Past Tense (भूतकाल)
- Simple Past → Action completed in the past
- Example (English): I ate rice.
- Example (Hindi): मैंने चावल खाया।
- Past Continuous → Action was happening in the past
- Example (English): I was eating rice.
- Example (Hindi): मैं चावल खा रहा था।
C. Future Tense (भविष्य काल)
- Simple Future → Action will happen
- Example (English): I will eat rice.
- Example (Hindi): मैं चावल खाऊँगा।
- Future Continuous → Action will be happening
- Example (English): I will be eating rice.
- Example (Hindi): मैं चावल खा रहा होऊँगा।
4. Articles (उपपद – A, An, The)
- “A” → Used before general singular nouns starting with a consonant sound.
- Example (English): A boy, A car
- Example (Hindi): एक लड़का, एक गाड़ी
- “An” → Used before general singular nouns starting with a vowel sound (A, E, I, O, U).
- Example (English): An apple, An umbrella
- Example (Hindi): एक सेब, एक छाता
- “The” → Used for specific nouns.
- Example (English): The Sun, The Ganga
- Example (Hindi): सूरज, गंगा नदी
5. Singular & Plural (एकवचन और बहुवचन)
Most nouns become plural by adding “-s” or “-es”:
| Singular (एकवचन) | Plural (बहुवचन) |
|---|---|
| Book (किताब) | Books (किताबें) |
| Box (डिब्बा) | Boxes (डिब्बे) |
Exceptions:
- Child (बच्चा) → Children (बच्चे)
- Mouse (चूहा) → Mice (चूहे)
6. Common Grammar Mistakes to Avoid (आम गलतियाँ)
❌ Incorrect: He go to school.
✅ Correct: He goes to school. (Subject-Verb Agreement)
❌ Incorrect: I have a apple.
✅ Correct: I have an apple. (Use “an” before vowel sounds)
❌ Incorrect: She is beautifully.
✅ Correct: She is beautiful. (Adjective describes noun, not adverb)
Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)
Learning Basic English Grammar in Hindi is easy if you practice regularly. Start with simple sentences, understand tenses, and avoid common mistakes. Keep reading and speaking in English to improve!
